Hair curler



Oct. 24,'1933. w. H. cooER 1,932,335

HAIR cURLE Filed Jan. so, 195sv /Z M. 'IIT-7 inem .. u 29 3/ 25JNVENTOR.

' BY 57' y l M ATToRNEYs.

Patented Oct. 24, 1933 HAIR CURLER Willian! H. Cooper, Washington, D. C.

23 Claims.

This invention relates to hair curlers for use in connection with apermanent wave machine and one object of the invention is to provide acurler adapted to be rmly xecLto a lock or hair in close proximity tothe scalp and including a yoke which extends transversely of the lock ofhair when xed to the same and a mandrel of such construction that thelock of hair may be wound thereon and the mandrel then removably engagedwith the yoke.

Another object of the invention is to provide the yoke with a hairgripping lock of such construction that the lock of hair may be inbunched formation where gripped and then spread or attened to assume theform of a ribbon as it is wound about the mandrel.

Another object of the invention is to so form the mandrel that after alock of hair has been wound about the same, the mandrel may beengagedwith arms of the yoke and then additionally rotated in order to tightenthe lock of hair about the mandrel and hold it rmly in place.

A still further object of the invention is to provide the mandrel withyoke engaging pintles, one of which is rigid with the mandrel and theother rotatably connected therewith, the last mentioned pintle carryingmeans for frictionally resisting rotation of the mandrel relative to thepintle and only permitting rotation of the mandrel in one direction whenengaged with the yoke. By this arrangement, the mandrel may be rotated asuillcient number of turns to tighten the hair about the mandrel afterthe mandrel is applied to the yoke and reverse rotation which would tendto loosen the coil of hair will be prevented.

Another object of the invention is to provide the yoke with an improvedform of lock for securing the yoke to a lock of hair to be coiled aboutthe mandrel and so form and mount a hair gripping element of this lockthat while it may be easily moved to and 'out of a hair grippingposition, its movement will be limited.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved type otshield adapted to be applied to a lock of hair between the yoke andscalp and thereby prevent danger of a persons scalp being burned by heatduring a curling operation.

A further object of the invention resides in providing a device which issimple and durable in construction, inexpensive to manufacture. and onewhich will be very eiilcient'in application to use.

With these and numerous other objects* in view,

'proved curler is Application January 30, 1933. Serial No. 654,291

my invention consists in the novel features of construction, combinationand arrangement of parts as will be hereinafter referred to and moreparticularly pointed out in the speciilcation and claims. 1

In the accompanyingdrawing forming a part of this application:

Figure 1 is aview showing the improved hair curler in side elevation;

Figure 2 isa top plan view of the curler;

Figure 3 is a bottom plan view of the curler upon a somewhat reducedscale;

Figure 4 is a sectional view through the lock carried by the yoke of thecurler, the view being taken along the line 4-4 of Figure l;

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, showing the hair grippingelement of the lock moved to a gripping position across a hair receivingpassage of the lock;

Figure 6 is a sectional view taken through the lock and a portion of theyoke, the view being taken along the line 6--6 of Figure 3;

Figure 7 is a perspective view of the hair gripping element forming partof the lock;

Figure 8 is a view showing the manner in which the lock of hair is woundabout the mandrel;

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, showing the lock oi haircompletely wound upon the mandrel and the mandrel engaged with the yoke;

Figure 9a is a section taken along the line 9a-9a of Fig. 9;

Figure 10 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view through one endportion of the mandrel, th'e view being taken alongthe line 10-10 ofFigure 8, with the pintle and means for controlling rotation .of themandrel relative to this pintle in elevation;

Figure 11 is a view looking at the outer face of the shield whichprotects the scalp from heat, with the shield in a closed position;

. Figure 12 is a view showing the shield in an open position; and

Figure 13 is a bottom plan view oi' a modiiied v ,form of yoke and hairgripping lock.

The yoke constituting an element of this imi'ormed of strong metal orany other material such as bakelite or its equivalent and has anenlarged substantially circular intermediate portion l fromvwhich extendend portions 2 terminating in arms 3 formed with sockets or recesses 4opening through their ends. The o extensions or end portions' 2 ot theyoke may be fiat and in the plane o! the enlarged intermediate portion1' or they may be curved longitudinally liti as shown in Fles t and 9 inwhich case a drel 5 when applied to the yoke will m spaced well awayfrom the body portion of the yoke and greater protection adorded againstburning the scalp when the curler is in use. Side walls or anges 2extend along sides of the yoke to prevent condensed steam from drippingfrom the yoke during a curling operation. f

The yoke is to be firmly attached to a look oi hair 6 during a curlingoperation and in order to do so, the enlarged intermediate portion ofthe yoke is formed with a hair receiving age or recess 'l disposed inopposed relation to a corresponding recess or passage 8 formed in acircular plate or disc 9. The plate or disc 9 is disposed beneath theeged central portion of the yoke where it is y secured by a central studor shank 10 and about this shank is formed a hub 1l so that when theshank is passed through an opening 12 formed centrally of the yoke andits end upset to form a rivet head. the disc 9 will be very iirmlysecured but for the major portion of its area spaced slightly from theyoke. it should also be noted that the stud or not only serves to nrmlyhold the disc 9 in place but also prevents this disc from turning. Thedisc and intermediate portion oi the yoke form upper and lower walls ofthe hair engaging lock and in order to grip a lock of hair engagedthrough the aligned recesses or passages 7 and 8, there has beenprovided a gripper 13 in the form of a collar 1i which is rotatableabout the disc 9 and carries an inwardly extending flange 15. mds of thecollar and flange or plate 15 are sced from each other a distancecorresponding to the width of the rel cesses 7 and 8 in order that endsof the collar and flange will terminate ush with side edges oi therecesses when the gripper is in the open position shown in )Figure 1iand the central 'i fm: formed through the plate and deg an innermarginal edge for the ge l5 is oi such shape that while a portionextends about the hub il concentric thereto to prevent transverseshifting oi the gripper and guide rotary motion thereof, the remainderof the free side edge oi the ange extends spirally and forms one endportion of the gripper into a ringer l'l which gradually increases inwidth and has a cam edge serving to iorce a lock of hair toward innerends of the recesses 7 and 9 and y grip the hair when the gripper ismoved to the closed or operative position shown inrigure 5. The disc 9is reduced in diameter for a portion of its circerence, thereby formingshoulders i8 and i9 engageable by a pin 20 projecting inwardly from theharige ld at the free end of the hnger l'l. By this arrangement, thegripper may be turned in one direction until the pin engages theshoulder 19 and a gripper will then be in the opened position shown inFigures 3 and d. migagement of the pin 20 with the shoulder i9 willlimit rotation oi the gripper in an operative direction but when a lockof hair is engaged through the recesses 'l and 8, it will be wedgedtightly into inner end portions of these recesses and fi. :n1: lygripped by the @nger l? before the pin 20 contacts with the shoulder i9.

When this improved curler is in use, a lock of hair in bunched formationis engaged through the aligned recesses 'I and 8 and the gripper thenmoved to a hair gripping position. The lock of hair is then flattenedand after its free end been engaged between the ndrel and the keeper 21pivoted thereto. rotation is imp to the mandrel to wind the dat lock oihair about the mandrel as shown in :a` d until the lock gesamt of hairhas been appro `ltely entirely wound upon the i adrel.

When the lock of hair has been fully wrapped on the drel and the latterpositioned properly with respect to the yoke, as will be more fullydescribed herebelow, that portion of the lock of hair leading from thegripper to the mandrel will take a fan-like ortion, as best disclosed byFigure 9 oi' the drawing.

Pintles 22 and 29 carrying turning heads 24 and 25'are then engaged inthe socket d of the yoke arm 3. The pintle 23 is rigid with one end ofthe mandrel and circular in cross section so that it may be rotated inthe socket of the yoke into which it ts, but the pintle 22 isrectangular in cross section in order that when it is tted into a socketof the yoke, it will be held against rotation. This pintle 22 extendsinto a pocket 26 formed in one end portion of the mandrel as shown inFigure l0 and has an enlarged portion 27 rotatably received in a bushingor be 2d which ts into the outer end portion of the pocket 26 where itis fusi-'f secured by p 29. There has also been provided a collar 39 atthe inner end of the enlargement 27 to engage the inner end of thebushing and prevent outwar movement of the pintle. This collar or naar30 also acts as an anchor for one end oi' a strand of strong resilientwire coiled about the inner end portion of the pintle and having itsfree ends rictionally enga walls of the pocket 2d. The free ends of thewire coil will bite into and lrictionally grip walls of the pocket whenan attempt is made to rotate the mandrel in one direction, but permitsthe'mandrel to be freely rotated in the opposite direction. Therefore,the ndrel can only be rotated in one direction when the pintle 22 isengaged with the yoke and this is the proper direction for winding thelock of hair about the mandrel. Therefore, after the lock of hair hasbeen wound about the zal ior appro its full extent, the pintle ma beengaged in the socket oi the yoke a by grasping the head 25, additiorotation y be impa to mandrel to cplete win oi the hair about the no.drei. As the :1w-:z coil strand 3i prevents retrograde rotation oi? thendrel, the hair will be reined tightly wound about the im drei. By u, i.'z the gripper 13 oi the lock to the opened position shown in Figure d,the lock oi hair may be moved out of the recess and the yoke y then bedisconnected from the mandrel and the lock oi? uncoiled from the mandrelafter a curling operation has been completed.

Instead oi constructing the gripper im shown in Figure 3 d provi it witha pin to engage abutment shoulders iced upon the disc 9, it may beconstructed as shown in Figure 13. Referring to this gure, it will beseen that the collar 32 his snugly about a plate or 'me 33 n the placeoi the disc 9 which is in the form of a corresponding to the recess t.The fwf': die projects radially from the collar lugs 3o are formed uponthe yokeior engagement by this o: -f handle to t rotahonoi' the minimi)liti les circulardisc except for the recess 34. y

ing a curling operation, the p should be formed of fiber board or othersuitable heat resisting material. The two sections are of duplicateshape and each is arcuate in form with its end portions extended andforming arms having arcuate edges of 180 degrees. The arms terminate inspaced relation to each other as shown at 41 to form recesses havingarcuate inner ends which cooperate with each other to form a hairreceiving passage 42 when the shield is in a closed position. Certain ofthe arms of the two sections are connected by a rivet 40 serving as apivot and therefore, the sections may be swung about this rivet from theopened position shown in Figure 12 in which a lock of hair may beengaged in the recess 41 of the section 38 to a closed position shown inFigure 11 and a circular shield will then be formed having a centralopening for the tube through which the hair will pass. In view of thefact that this opening 42 is circular, the lock of hair will be vbunchedand in this bunehed formation may then be engaged through the recesses'1 and 8 of the yoke and firmly gripped. Pads 43 and 44 are glued orotherwise firmly secured against the sections 38 and 39 of the shieldand are so cut that the pad section 43 has arms at its ends conformingto the curvature of edges of the arms of the section 38. While the padsection 44 has its intermediate portion extending as shown at 45 to lltbetween the arms of the pad section 43 and side edges -of this extensionare curved to conform to the curvature of edges of the end portions ofthe pad section 43. Therefore, when the shield section 39 is swung to anopened position or to a closed position, the pad section 44 will rideabout one end portion or arm of the pad section 43 and when the shield.is closed, the two pad sections will cooperate to form a circular pad.This pad is formed of thick i'elt or other suitable materials and sinceit bears against the rear face of the lock carried by the yoke, it willserve not only to very effectively shield the scalp from heat but alsocause the yoke to be spaced well away from the head. It should also benoted that the shield forming sections have their margins anged to forma bordering wall 37' which encircles the pad and also ts about the lockof the yoke and will retain the shield in proper relation to the yokeand also catch any condensation which may leak from the yoke.

It is apparent from the above description, taken in connection with theillustrations made in the drawing, that this particular curling devicels used in what is known as a Croquignole" method of permanently wavinghair.

From the foregoing description of the construction of my improved haircurler, the operation thereof and the method of applying the same to usewill be readily understood. It will be seen that I have provided asimple, inexpensive and eflicient means for carrying out the objects ofthe invention.

While I have particularly described the elements best adapted to performthe4 functions set forth, it is obvious that various changes in form,proportion and in the minor details of construction may be resorted towithout departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the principlesof the invention.

Having thus described claimed'is: l

1. In a hair curler, the combination with a hair lock, and a yoke havingarms extending from opposite sides of said lockwith their end portionsprojecting away from the lock, of a mandrel extending longitudinally ofsaid yoke with its end the invention, what is polltions removablyengaged with the arms of the yo e.

2. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for alock of hair intermediate its ends and 'its end portions forming arms,ofA a hair lock carried by said yoke and including a gripper movableinto and out of position to extend across the passage of the yoke andgrip hair extending through the same, and a mandrel extendinglongitudinally of said yoke and removably engaged with the arms thereof.

3. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a slot for alock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming arms, ofa hair lock carried by said yoke and including a gripping elementrotatably mounted for movement into and out of position to extend acrossthe passage of the yoke and grip hair extending through the same, and amandrel extending longitudinally of said yoke and removably engaged withthe arms thereof.

4. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for alock of hair leading from a side edge intermediate its ends and its endportions of the yoke forming arms, of a hair gripper carried by saidyoke and including a circular plate spaced from the yoke and formed witha passage aligned with the passage of the yoke, a collar rotatable aboutsaid plate and having its ends spaced to provide an entrance moved intoregistry with passages of. the yoke and plate by rotating the collarabout the plate, a circumferentially extending ange extending from saidy collar between the plate and yoke and moving across the passages intoposition to grip hair passing through the passages when the collar isturned in one direction about the plate, means being provided to limitrotation of thecollar about the plate, and a mandrel removably engagedwith the arms of said yoke.

5. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for alock of hair leading from a side edge intermediate its ends and its endportions of the yoke forming arms, of a hair gripper' carried by saidyoke and including a circular plate spaced from the yoke and formed witha passage aligned with the passage of the yoke, a collar rotatable aboutsaid plate and having its ends spaced to provide an entrance moved intoregistry with passages of the yoke and plate by rotating the collarabout the plate, a circumferentially extending flange extending fromsaid collar between the plate and yoke and moving across the passageswhen the collar is rotated in one direction, said flange graduallyincreasing in width from one end and forming a cam adapted to move alock of hair towards inner ends of the passages and firmly grip the hairin a compact bunch when the collar is turned in one direction about theplate, means being provided to limit rotation of the collar about theplate, and a mandrel removably engaged with the arms of said yoke.

6. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for alock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming arms, ofa hair gripper carried by said yoke and including a circular platespaced from the yoke and formed with a passage aligned with the passageof the yoke, a collar rotatable about said plate and having its endsspaced to provide an entrance moved into registry with passages of theyoke and plate by rotating the collar about the plate, acircumferentially extending flange extending from said collar betweenthe plate and yokel and moving across the passages when the collar isrotated in one direction, said flange gradually increasing in width fromone end and forming a cam adapted to move a lock of hair towards innerends of the passages and firmly grip the hair in a compact bunch whenthe collar .is turned in one direction about the plate, said plate beingformed with abutment shoulders spaced from each other circumferentiallyof the plate and the collar having a tooth to engage the shoulders andlimit rotation of the collar about the plate, and a mandrel removablyengaged with arms of the yoke.

'i'. lin a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage fora lock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming arms,of a hair gripper carried by said yoke and including a circular platespaced from the yoke and formed with a passage aligned with the passageof the yoke, a collar rotatable about said plate and having its endsspaced to provide an entrance moved into registry with passages of theyoke and plate by rotating the collar about the plate, acircumferentially extending flange extending from said collar betweenthe plate and yoke and moving across the passages when the collar isrotated in one direction, said flange gradually increasing in width fromone end and forming a cam adapted to move a lock of hair towards innerends of the if :i: and iirmly grip the hair in a compact bunch when thecollar is turned in one direction about the plate, a turning handleextending outwardly from said collar, lugs carried by said yoke atopposite sides of the collar for engagement by the handle tolimitrotation of the collar about the plate, and a mandrel removablyengaged with arms of the yoke.

8. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having arms at itsends, of a gripper intermediate the le :u '1 of said yoke for gripping alock of hair, in bunched ration, a mandrel removably engaged with the aof mid yoke, the portions of the yoke between the lock and arms beingcurved longitu to dispose the mandrel well away from a persons scalp.

g received in the sockets oi? said lo. In a curler, the combination witha member having at its ends, formed Awith sockets opening through theiriree ends, oi a lock intediate the le of said meer for gripping a lockor mi f and a mandrel removabh received in said sockets and rotatable inonly' one ction when in place.

li. In a hair curler, the combination with a mer ha a at its ends,formed with sockets ope .a i through their free ends, of m for grippinga lock of hair mounted intermediate the length of the member, and a dreiextending longitudinally of said meer between the having pintles at itsends removably received in the sockets.

i2. In a hair curler, the combination with a one piece yoke having atits endsbfo with sockets opening through their free ends, a gripper fora lock of hair movably mounted intermediate the length of the yoke, ot amandrel extending longitudinally of said yoke between the and havingpintles at its ends removably received in the sockets, one pintle beingrigid with the vmandrel and having an z` meansat its outer end and theother pintle being rotatably engaged in the with the mandrel and heldagainst t fr: .i socket in which it rits.

i3, In a hair curler, the combination of a yoke having arms at its ends,formed with sockets opening through their free ends, of a drelerrtending longitudinally of said yoke between the arms and havingpintles at its ends removably received in the sockets, one pintle beingrigid with the mandrel and having a turning head at its A outer end, theother end of the mandrel being formed with a pocket rotatably receivingthe other pintle, the last mentioned pintle being held against rotationin the socket of the yoke in which it nts, and means being provided topermit rotation of the mandrel in only one direction.

11i. In a hair curler, ,thecombination with a yoke having a passage forreceiving a lock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portionsforming arms, of a mandrel removably engaged with arms of said yoke, ahair gripper carried by said yoke at the opposite side thereof from saidmandrel in operative relation to said passage to grip a lock of hairpassed through the pe, and a shield adapted to grip the lock of hair andhaving a pad to bear against the hair gripping lock carried by the yoke.

l5. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage for alock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portions forming arms, ofa mandrel removably engaged with arms of said yoke a-lock carried bysaid yoke at the opposite side thereof from said a. drel in operativerelation to said passage to grip a lock oi' hair passed through thepassage. and. a shield to protect the scalp from heat consisting of adisk having arcuate sections having ends pivoted to each other andmovable into overlapping relation to each other to define a .passagefor' a lock of hair and y grip hair passing through the same, and padsections xed to front faces of said sections for movement relative toeach other when the shield sections are moved into and out of a grippingposition, said pad being disposed to bear against the hair gripping lockof said yoke.

ld. In a hair curler, the combination with a yoke having itsintermediate portion formed with a passage for receiving a lock of hairand arms extending in opposite directions from the intermediate portion,the intermediate portion and arms having marginal walls to retaincondensation, of means carried by the intermediate portion of said yoketo grip a lock of hair engaged through the passage, and a mandrelengageable with the arms oi the yoke.

17.111 a hairL curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage forreceiving a lock of hair intermediate its ends and its end portionsforming s, of a mandrel removably engaged with arms of said yoke, a lockcarried by said yoke at the opposite side thereof from said mandrel inoperative relation to said passage to grip a lock of hair passed throughthe passage, and a eld adapted to grip the lock of hair and having a padto bear against the hair gripping. lock cari ried by the yoke, theshield being formed with a marginal flange extending about the pad andtting about the lock of the yoke.

i8. nfa hair curler, the combination with a yoke having a passage forreceiving a lock of hair intermediate itsends and its end portionstorming arms, oi a mandrel removably engaged with arms of said yoke, alock carried by said yoke at the opposite 'side .'e en' i from saidmandrel in operative relation to said passage to grip a lock of hairpassed through the passage, and a shield adapted to grip the lock ofhair and having a pad to bear against the hair gripping lock carried bythe yoke, the shield being formed with a circumierentially extendingwall encircling the pad;

le. ln a hair curler, the combination with an element having upstandingarms at its ends, of means intermediate the length of said member tortightly gripping a lock of hair in bunched formation, and a mandreladapted to be wrapped with the hunched hair removably engaged with thearms of said member.

20. In a hair curling device, the combination with a member havingupstanding arms at its ends, of means intermediate the length of saidmember for tightly gripping a lock of hair in a cluster, and a mandreladapted to be wrapped with the clustered hair removably engaged with thearms oi' said member, whereby when said mandrel with the hair wrappedthereon is supported on said member, the hair will take a fanlilreformation between the means for gripping and the mandrel.

21. In a hair curling device, the combination with a supporting element;of means carried thereby for tightly gripping a lock of hair in acluster, and a mandrel adapted to be wrapped with the clustered lock ofhair removably engaged with said support in spaced relation to saidgripping means, whereby when said mandrel with the hair wrapped thereonis supported with respecttosaidgrippingmeanathehairwilltake a. fan-likeformation therebetween.

22. In a hair curling device, the combination with a supporting memberand means intermediate the ends of said member for gripping a lock oihair in a cluster adjacent the scalp of a head; of a mandrel for windingthe clustered lock of hair from its ends toward the scalp adapted to besupported on said member.

23. In a hair curling device, theJ combination with a supporting memberand means intermediate the ends thereof tor gripping a lock of hair ina. cluster adjacent the scalp o! a head; of a rotatable mandrel mountedon said supporting member and around which the clustered lockofhairisadaptedtobewrappediromitsends toward the scalp.

- WILLIAM H. COOPER.

